Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neurological disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, and posture, resulting from damage to the developing brain, usually before or during birth. This damage impairs the brain’s ability to control muscles and coordinate body movements. CP is classified into several types based on the nature and location of the movement issues. Spastic cerebral palsy, the most common type, involves stiff and tight muscles, leading to difficulty with movement. Other forms include dyskinetic CP, characterized by involuntary movements, and ataxic CP, which impacts balance and coordination. Some individuals may exhibit a combination of these types, known as mixed CP.
The exact cause of cerebral palsy is often unknown, but it can be linked to various factors, including prenatal infections, premature birth, complications during labor and delivery, or head injuries in early infancy. While CP is a lifelong condition with no cure, various treatments and therapies can significantly improve quality of life. Physical therapy helps enhance mobility and strength, occupational therapy assists with daily activities and fine motor skills, and speech therapy addresses communication challenges. In some cases, medications and surgical interventions may be recommended to manage symptoms and complications. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for optimizing outcomes and helping individuals with cerebral palsy lead fulfilling lives. With appropriate support, many people with CP can achieve significant independence and participate actively in their communities.